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【Objective】 To construct an in-vitro model of erythrocyte antibody-mediated complement activation, and establish quantitative detection methods based on flow cytometry and spectrophotometry, so as to explore the correlation of anti-body titers and complement activation speed, and provide a methodological basis for studying the adverse transfusion reactions of anti-body mediated complement hemolysis. 【Methods】 Mouse monoclonal antibody that recognized human C3b and fluorescent secondary antibody were used to label C3b fragments on erythrocytes, and the deposition of C3b fragments after complement activation was detected by flow cytometry. The absorbance at 540 nm of the supernatant in the complement activation reaction system was measured by spectrophotometry as the amount of hemoglobin released was related to the absorbance. 【Results】 The complement activation system was constructed according to the ratio of 3% red blood cell suspension (mixed for 6 people) 1∶anti-Tja 1∶complement 2. The repeatability was good (P value>0.05) as different red blood cell mixtures had been used to repeat the detection reaction system. When using 32×, 64× and 128× dilutions of anti-Tja mediated complement activation, the deposition of C3b fragments has been detected by flow cytometry at 30 s, 1 min and 2 min, respectively, and MFI peaked at 5 min, 10 min and 30 min, respectively. No obvious hemolysis has been observed within 1.5 h. 【Conclusion】 In vitro model of anti-Tja-mediated complement activation demonstrates the speed of complement activation is related to the concentration of antibody. At a certain antibody concentration, the speed of complement activation has been slowed down, and no obvious hemolysis observed.
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【Objective】 To understand the distribution and gene frequency of main red blood cell blood groups in Lahu ethnic minority and analyze the genetic characteristics of Lahu people. 【Methods】 1) ABO forward and reverse typing had been performed by microplate method; 2) Rh, MN, H, P1Pk and Mur antigen were tested by the tube method. If the ABO forward and reverse typing were incompatible, the tube method was used for confirmation. 【Results】 The distribution characteristics of blood group and gene frequency in Lahu ethnic minority were as follows: B>O>A>AB for ABO, with genotype frequency as p 11.1%, q 27.5% and r 61.4%; the frequency of Rh genotype was CDe 83.3%, cDE 12.0%, cDe 2.42%, CDE 2.32%, CdE 0%, Cde 0%, cdE 0% and cde 0%; M > MN>N for MN blood group, with genotype frequency as M 75.26% and N 24.74%; P1
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【Objective】 To develop a novel screening reagent for -D- phenotype preliminary screening based on the difference in RhD antigen expression level of -D- phenotype and normal RhD phenotype. 【Methods】 RhD antigen expression of -D-phenotype and Rh D-- gene carrier were detected by flow cytometry. By adjusting the concentration of polybrene in the screening system, the red blood cells with high RhD antigen expression level agglutinated, and the preliminary screening of the -D-phenotype and its gene carriers was realized. 【Results】 According to the quantitative results of immunofluorescence intensity (MFI) analysis by flow cytometry, the expression level of RhD antigen in -D- phenotype cells (284 360±16 698, n=3) was about 3 times normal RhD positive cells (98 642±35 908, n=9)(P<0.01), while RhD antigen expression level of RhD-- gene carrier (181 109±39 455, n=4) was about 2 times normal RhD positive cells(P<0.01). RhD antigen expression (144 538±227 445, n=7) of the positive cells screened by 15 μL 3% fresh red blood cell suspension and screening system 35 μL (1 μL IgG anti-D, 29 μL polybrene polybrene, and 5 μL low ionic strength solution) was about 1.5 times normal RhD positive cells. 【Conclusion】 The polybrene preliminary screening system, which can be used for high-throughput screening of -D- phenotype, is a reliable technical method for frequency study of this phenotype.
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Objective@#To investigate the impact of informal care satisfaction on quality of life on the elderly by establishing a structural equation model between them and introducing two mediating variables of frailty and depressive factors.@*Methods@#A total of 210 elderly over 60 years old from 6 communities of 2 urban areas in Qingdao were surveyed by general information questionnaire, the informal care satisfaction scale, frailty phenotype, depression scale and the SF-36 brief health scale.@*Results@#There was a direct effect on quality of life of daily life care dimension in informal nursing satisfaction (β=0.160, P<0.01) and an indirect effect of debilitating as intermediary (β=0.055, P<0.01). There was a direct effect on quality of life (β=0.130, P<0.01) and an indirect effect mediated by depression (β=0.132, P<0.01). There was a direct effect on quality of life (β=0.150, P<0.01) and an indirect effect mediated by debilitating and depression (β=0.147, P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#We should pay more attention to the impact of informal care on the quality of life on the elderly. Taking corresponding measures to promote the use of informal nursing and improving the quality of informal care is of great significance to improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote healthy aging.
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Objective To investigate the impact of informal care satisfaction on quality of life on the elderly by establishing a structural equation model between them and introducing two mediating variables of frailty and depressive factors. Methods A total of 210 elderly over 60 years old from 6 communities of 2 urban areas in Qingdao were surveyed by general information questionnaire, the informal care satisfaction scale, frailty phenotype, depression scale and the SF-36 brief health scale. Results There was a direct effect on quality of life of daily life care dimension in informal nursing satisfaction (β=0.160, P＜0.01) and an indirect effect of debilitating as intermediary (β=0.055, P＜0.01). There was a direct effect on quality of life (β=0.130, P＜0.01) and an indirect effect mediated by depression (β=0.132, P＜0.01). There was a direct effect on quality of life (β=0.150, P＜0.01) and an indirect effect mediated by debilitating and depression (β=0.147, P＜0.01). Conclusions We should pay more attention to the impact of informal care on the quality of life on the elderly. Taking corresponding measures to promote the use of informal nursing and improving the quality of informal care is of great significance to improve the quality of life of the elderly and promote healthy aging.
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Recently,immunologists have payed the attention to the effects of ionizing radiation on tumor immunity,and attempted to induce and improve anti-tumor immune effects with it.More and more evidences showed that exact radiotherapy scheme and irradiation dose,particularly combined with immunotherapy,could induce or regulate systemic immune response and contributed to tumor control and inflammatory occurrence.This paper reviewed the effects and mechanisms of radiotherapy on tumor immune and the results in combination with immunotherapy here for guiding the effective combined application of radiotherapy and immunotherapy.
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Objective To investigate the clinical features and molecular characteristics of bacteremia caused by K. pneumoniae and study on the differences between classical and hypervirulent K. pneumonia( hvKP) . Methods The clinical features of 70 cases of K. pneumoniae bacteremia collected from Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from 2008 to 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were identified according to the records from the Clinical Microbiology Department. Patients′ data were obtained from medical records. The molecular characteristics of the K. pneumoniae strains were also studied using PCR, multilocus sequence typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis( PFGE) methods. Data were analyzed using the statistical package SPSS for windows version 17. 0. For categorical data, different groups were compared using the Chi-square test to analyze the quantitative variables. P≤0. 05 was considered to be statistically significant. All susceptibility data were analyzed using Whonet, version 5. 6. Results The hvKP was identified from 31. 4% of the patients with K. pneumoniae bacteremia, which displayed 4 serotypes ( K1, K2, K20, and K57). About 40. 9% (9/22) hypervirulent strains were isolated from patients without underlying diseases, while 95. 8% (46/48) of the classic K. pneumoniae infections were found in patients with the presence of one or more underlying diseases. More hvKP positive patients (95. 5%, 21/22) had community-acquired infections compared with classical K. pneumonia (cKP) infected patients (35. 4%, 17/48). There was a significant difference between these two groups (χ2 =21. 912,P emerging hvKP was prevalent in patients with severe community-acquired infections in healthy individuals. Two ESBLs-producing hvKP strains were identified. Drug resistance had a rising trend, which called for more attention in clinical settings.
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Objective To investigate the distribution of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of-251 (rs4073) in cytokine interleukin 8 gene promoter region and +781 (rs2227306) in the first intron in Nantong area population, to explore the correlation between the genotypes of these sites and the risk of suffering hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to analyze the interaction between the genotypes and different exposure factors inducing the occurrence of HCC. Methods By using case-control study and restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) technique, the genotypes of IL-8 gene-251 site and+781 site were classified. Results (1) In individuals with-251 heterozygous mutation genotype AT the risk of developing HCC increased (OR=1.99, 95%CI: 1.01-3.85), and in individuals with +781 mutation genotype CT and TT the risk of developing HCC increased (+781 CT genotype, OR=1.78, 95%CI:1.03-3.1; +781 TT genotype, OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-2.62). (2) In individuals with -251 and +781 AT-CT, TT-CT, AT-CC combined genotypes the risk of developing HCC increased (AT-CT combined genotype, OR=2.10,95%CI:1.52-2.9;TT-CT combined genotype, OR=3.33, 95%CI: 1.01-10.50; AT-CC combined genotype, OR=3.67, 95%CI:2.28-5.90). (3)SNP of-251 had positive interactions with drinking, HBV infection and family history of HCC in the occurrence of HCC, while negative interactions existed between SNP of this site and exposure factors, including age, gender and smoking, in the occurrence of HCC. SNP of +781 had positive interactions with drinking and family history of HCC in the occurrence of HCC, while negative interactions existed between SNP of this site and exposure factors, including age, sex, smoking and HBV infection, in the occurrence of HCC. Conclusion Definite correlation exists between SNP of -251,+781 sites in interleukin 8 gene and the risk of the occurrence of HCC in Nantong area population;and there are interactive effects between SNP of -251, +781 sites in interleukin 8 gene and several exposure factors.
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This study was aimed to verify the chemical component cantharidin from Chinese blister beetle by LC-MS/MS. Components were first processed by HPLC to choose the appropriate separation conditions before LC/MS/MS analysis. Through the positive and negative ions pre-scan, positive ions scanning way was selected in the scanning of each separate component. The scanned maps were obtained and the relative molecular mass was deduced. The results showed that 8 types of cantharidin compounds were identified, including three isomers. It was concluded that LC-MS/MS was able to determine the chemical component cantharidin from Chinese blister beetle rapidly and accurately, which was existed in the body by the form of combined amino acid.
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ObjectiveTo examine the characteristic of criminal parenting styles and personality.Methods 379 prisoners took part in by using EMBU and PDQ-4 +.Results ( 1 ) There exist significant difference of parenting styles as parental emotional warmth and understanding,rejection and deny,punishment and strictness among the different criminals type (F =5.70,3.45,3.61,4.66,4.13,2.79,P ＜ 0.01 ).(2) There exist significant difference of total PDQ-4 + scores and the subscales for different type of personality disorder except obsessive-compulsive and schizotypal personality disorder among different criminals type (F =7.67,4.06,14.02,6.94,4.20,4.19,4.01,7.52,7.21,7.21,9.11 ; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ). ( 3 ) There were negative correlations between the score in the subscales for different type of personality disorder except obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and the factor of parental emotional warmth and understanding ( r =- 0.12 ～ - 0.32 ; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05 ).And there were positive correlations between the score in the all subscales for different type of personality disorder and the factors of parental rejection and deny,punishment and strictness ( r=0.11 ～ 0.42 ; P＜ 0.01 or P＜ 0.05).(4)Paternal punishment and strictness,maternal emotional warmth and understanding,maternal partiality make a certain prediction about characteristic of criminal personality.ConclusionThere exist different characteristic of criminal parenting styles and personality among different criminal type,and some parenting styles make a certain prediction about characteristic of criminal personality characteristics.
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Objective To analyze the application value of the rapid testing for influenza during 2007-2008 flu season at fever clinic in Beijing Chaoyang hospital Methods 500 patients with diagnosis of influenza-like illness were prospectively enrolled. Pharyngeal swabs were collected for influenza viral culture and rapid testing for influenza. Demographic characteristics, age, symptoms, lab tests, symptom recovery time and medical expense were also collected. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for rapid testing were analyzed. Results A total of 500 patients were enrolled between Dec 2007 and March 2008. Among them 498 cases were used for analysis. Influenza B was most common by virus culture methed(n=208,41.8%) ,followed by influenza A (n=51,10.2%). The average age was 35, and the ratio of male to female was 1.47:1. Compared with the group of positive culture, patients with influenza were more likely to get cough, sore throat, and nasal congestion (t=13.728, 4.014and 4.720,P<0.001 or 0.05, respectively). A total of 260 cases were subjected to rapid testing, Among them 18 cases were influenza A positive and 132 cases were influenza B positive. The rapid testing had a sensitivity of 77.1 % and a specificity of 70.1%. The positive predictive value was 78.6% and the negative predictive value was 68.2%. The rapid testing had enhanced the proportion of anti-viral treatment from 0 to 26% and reduced the proportion of antibiotic use from 63.4% to 20. 7%. Conclusions Influenza B is the most predominant pathogen during 2007-2008 flu season among patients with influenza-like illness in Beijing. The rapid testing with high sensitivity and specificity provides guidance on clinical practice.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT) on the patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods From October 2001 to October 2004,68 patients with esophageal carcinoma,the diagnosis of whom was finally confirmed by pathological examination,received coplanarity or noncoplanarity multifield 3D-CRT with Varian 1800C liner accelerator,using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning system.Conventional fractionated dose was 2Gy per fraction,5 fractions per week,with a total dose of 60-70Gy in 6-7 weeks.Clinical target volume(CTV) and planning target volume(PTV) were enlarged outwards on the basis of gross tumor volume(GTV) which included primary tumors and regional lymph nodes.Results One-year and 3-year local tumor control rates were 80.9% and 47.1%,respectively,as the result of 3D-CRT.One-year and 3-year survival rates were 76.4% and 44.1% respectively.Grade 2 acute esophagitis occurred in 20 cases and grade 3 in 2 cases,grade 1 radiation pneumonia was found in 8 cases and grade 1 esophageal stenosis in 4 cases.Conclusions With tolerable reactions and after effects,the technique of 3D-CRT could effectively elevate the local tumor control rate and survival rate for the patients with esophageal carcinoma.